The Prince was written by Machiavelli who was an Italian writer, politician, strategic practitioner and scholar. The books aim is to outline the principles of how to rule a country and how to hold on to power, why a ruler may lose power, and describes the transition of power. He wrote this book to show how a country is established and which principles are necessary for a country to maintain independence. The power of a country can be formed in two ways. A successor receives the power because of heritage, or a new ruler gain power by force. This book has remained controversial since its publication. Some critics consider it very practical book as it illustrates how to face the shifting power, new power, successfully implemented power, and powers from outside the borders. A practical political methodology is offered in this book. Other critics maintain the theory presented in this book is too cynical and lacks consideration for humanity. In his book, Machiavelli also writes about the most important aspects of ruling a country and how to keep power in terms of resources, timing, and collaboration. For example, when the Louis, the king of France, invaded Italy, he needed to bolster his power because he was a foreigner. He made an alliance with neighboring city states, such as Venice to consolidate his power and keep control of his newly gained territories, as well as to ensure his armies would match the strength of the Church. In medieval times, the ruling a nation or a state could take various forms and included democratically ruled city states, city oligarchies, and large kingdoms, like France, or smaller territories ruled by a lord, like the Pope. The society was hierarchical. The Prince is a very interesting book, which allow readers to think how to form an organization, society, country, and the world. The pursuit of happiness and peace is essential to create a harmonious community.